From what you have learned, provide at least 5 differences on their descriptions of the Filipino culture and write it down using the table below. Enormous indeed would the benefits which that sacred civilization brought to the archipelago have to be in order to counterbalance so heavy a-cost. A new edition of First Series 39. SJ., The Jesuits in the Philippines (Cambridge, Mass., 1961), 349.Google Scholar, 33. The Cebuanos drew a pattern on the skin before starting in to tattoo. We even do not know, if in their wars the Filipinos used to make slaves of each other, though that would not have been strange, for the chroniclers tell of captives returned to their own people. What would Japan have been now The term "conquest" is admissible but for a part of the islands and then only in its the King of Spain had arranged with certain members of Philippine religious orders that, Filipinos possessed an independent culture before the arrival of the Spaniards 2. It is regrettable that these chants have not Witness the Moluccas where Spanish missionaries served as spies; It is worthy of note that China, Japan and Cambodia at this time maintained Merga's enemies made an attempt to blame him for the rising (Retana, 11*-15). Still the Spaniards say that the Filipinos have contributed nothing to Mother Spain, and that it is the islands which owe everything. The leaders bore themselves bravely for Argensola writes that in the assault on Ternate, "No officer, Spaniard or Indian, went unscathed.". It is then the shade of our ancestors civilization which the author will call before you. quoting an eighteenth-century source). https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315611266, Registered in England & Wales No. This brief biography of Morga is based on the introduction to the superb edition of the Sucesos published by W. E. Retana in 1909; I have also used the excellent study of Morga's professional career in Phelan, J. L.'s Kingdom of Quito (Wisconsin, 1967).Google Scholar. The book was an unbiased presentation of 16th century Filipino culture. abused their hospitality and if behind the name Religion had not lurked the unnamed Both these authors' allegations may have contributed, but more important was the fact that there was no law to compel these Chinamen to row in the galleys. He died at the early age of twenty-seven and is the only encomendero recorded to have left the great part of his possessions to the Indians of his encomienda. The Spaniards retained the native name for the new capital of the archipelago, a little changed, however, for the Tagalogs had called their city "Maynila.". Two days previously he had given a banquet, slaying for it a beef simply raw meat. their genealogies and of the deeds ascribed to their deities. Mania was considered an undesirable posting owing to the heat (Phelan, , Quito, 136)Google Scholar; complaints about the effect of the climate on character are typified by a later Augustinian writer who describes a fellow-friar as always good-humoured, which is miraculous in this sad land; in this warm climate all talent droops and decays; this limbo this purgatory, this bottomless well (de Castro, A.M., Osario venerable, ed. It will be seen later on in Morga that with the Spaniards and on behalf of Spain there were always more Filipinos fighting than Spaniards. The book discusses the political, social and economical aspects of a colonizer and the colonized country. Through the centuries, Jose Rizal has been known to be an earnest seeker of Este paraso de aguas cristalinas se encuentra en el . after death to "Kalualhatian," the abode of the spirit, there was a dangerous river to The Filipinos' favorite fish The Jesuit, Father Alonso Sanchez, who visited the papal court at Rome and the To learn how to manage your cookie settings, please see our Cookie Policy. It is regrettable that these chants have not been preserved as from them it would have been possible to learn much of the Filipinos' past and possibly of the history of neighboring islands. His extensive annotations are no less than 639 items or almost two annotations for every page, commenting even on Morgas typographical errors. I say "by the inhabitants Morga's expression that the Spaniards "brought war to the gates of the Filipinos" But the effect which my effort produced made me realize that, before attempting to unroll before your eyes the other pictures which were to follow, it was necessary first to post you on the past. The causes which ended the Morga shows that the ancient Filipinos had army and navy with artillery and other 800 victims a year, still the total would be more than 200,000 persons sold into slavery Ancient traditions ascribe the origin of the Malay Filipinos to the island of Yet these same Indians were defenseless against the balls from their muskets. From what you have learned, provide at least 5 Dr. Antonio de Morga's Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas consisted of eight chapters. Por Cornelio Adriano Cesar. The study of ethnology is restoring this somewhat. (1971). differences on their descriptions of the Filipino culture and write it down using What are the major goals of Rizal in writing the Annotations of Antonio The Buhahayen people were in their own peace. against Dutch corsairs, but suffered defeat and barely survived. It may be so, but what about the enormous sum of gold which was taken from the islands in the early years of Spanish rule, of the tributes collected by the encomenderos, of the nine million dollars yearly collected to pay the military, expenses of the employees, diplomatic agents, corporations and the like, charged to the Philippines, with salaries paid out of the Philippine treasury not only for those who come to the Philippines but also for those who leave, to some who never have been and never will be in the islands, as well as to others who have nothing to do with them. The escort's leader was Don Agustin Sonson who had a reputation for daring and carried fire and sword into the country, killing many, including the chief, Kabadi. Torres-Navas, , II, 139Google Scholar, Item No. religious chroniclers who were accustomed to see the avenging hand of God in the "If the book manages to awaken in you the awareness of our past, erased from memory, and to rectify what has been falsified and slandered, then I will not have labored in vain, and with this base, however small it may be, we shall all be able to dedicate ourselves to study the future". While in London, Rizal immediately acquainted himself with relationship may be found in the interference by the religious orders with the institutions An early historian asserts that without this fortunate circumstance, for the Spaniards, it would have been impossible to subjugate them. The study of ethnology those who had "pacified" them, he means "divided up among." There were, as examples, the cases of Esteban Rodriguez de Figueroa, who murdered his adulterous wife and her lover in the 1580s; and of Governor Fajardo who did the same in 1621: see Retana, W. E., Archivo del bibliofilo filipino, IV (Madrid, 1898), 367446.Google Scholar, 45. Some Spanish writers say that the Japanese volunteers and the Filipinos showed themselves cruel in slaughtering the Chinese refugees. . Annotations to Dr. Antonio Morga's Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas (1609) (Translated by Austin Craig) As a child Jos Rizal heard from his uncle, Jos Alberto, about a ancient history of the Philippines written by a Spaniard named Antonio de Morga. 18. Spanish conquistador, gov't official, and historical anthropologist; author of Sucesos De Las Islas Filipinas (Events in the Philippine Islands). Their general, according to Argensola, was the celebrated Silonga, later distinguished for many deeds in raids on the Bisayas and adjacent islands. the Philippines in the early days and at the onset of Spanish Colonization. The first seven chapters discussed the political events that occurred in the colony during the first eleven Governor-Generals in the Philippines. Location London Imprint Hakluyt Society DOI https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315611266 Pages 360 eBook ISBN 9781315611266 Subjects Humanities Share Citation ABSTRACT narrates observations about the Filipinos and the Philippines from the perspective of the Stated that nothing was changed in the original text. Protestants, whom neither the Roman Catholics of Morga's day nor many Catholics in His book, published in 1609, ranges more widely than its title suggests since the Spanish were also active in China, Japan, Southeast Asia . days most of the available sources were either written by friars of the religious orders They seem to forget that in almost every case the reason for the rupture has been some there were always more Filipinos fighting than Spaniards. The expedition of Villalobos, intermediate between Magellan's and Legaspi's, gave the name "Philipina" to one of the southern islands, Tendaya, now perhaps Leyte, and this name later was extended to the whole archipelago. A., The Philippine Islands 14931898, IX, 1545, 270.3.Google Scholar. neighboring islands but into Manila Bay to Malate, to the very gates of the capital, and Consequently, in this respect, the pacifiers introduced no moral improvement. those whom they did not know, extorting for them heavy ransoms. Parque Nacional del ro subterrneo de Puerto Princesa (Filipinas) Parque Nacional del ro subterrneo de Puerto Princesa. in you a consciousness of our past, and to blot from your memory or to rectify what has This new feature enables different reading modes for our document viewer. [2], The work greatly impressed the Philippine national hero Jos Rizal and decided to annotate it and publish a new edition and began working on it in London and completing it in Paris in 1890. In the attempt made by Rodriguez de Figueroa to conquer Mindanao according Spain, and that it is the islands which owe everything. The country's political, social and economic systems. Spanish rule). Their coats of mail and helmets, of which there are specimens in various European museums, attest their great advancement in this industry. A Jesuit writer calls him a traitor though the justification for that term of reproach is not apparent. The Sucesos is the work of an honest observer, himself a major actor in the drama of his time, a versatile bureaucrat, who knew the workings of the administration from the inside.It is also the first history of the Spanish Philippines to be written by a layman, as opposed to the religious chroniclers. 3099067 5 Howick Place | London | SW1P 1WG 2023 Informa UK Limited, Cummins, J.S. He wrote the first lay formal history of the Philippines conquest by Spain. considered evidence of native culture. Some references say that while in Europe, Rizal came across research papers published by eminent European scientists about ethnic communities in Asia one of them was Dr. Ferdinand Blumentritt, author of Versucheiner Ethnographie der Philippinen. Rizal wrote to him and that was how their friendship began. Therefore it was not for religion that they were converting the infidels! 4437; and Lorenzo Perez, OFM., Un Codice desconocido, relative a las islas Filipinas, Erudition Ibero-ultarmarina, Ano IV, nums. Retana, 174*; see also Retana, 's edition of Martinez de Zuriga's Estadismo de las Islas Filipinos, II (Madrid, 1893), 278*.Google Scholar, 49. The "pacification" of Kagayan was accomplished by taking advantage of the jealousies among its people, particularly the rivalry between two brothers who were chiefs. transferred to the old site in 1590. Morga's book was praised, quoted, and plagiarized, by contemporaries or successors. eatable. could not reach, and in harmony with this massiveness was all the woodwork above and inhabitants not only subjects of the King of Spain but also slaves of the encomenderos, A Jesuit writer calls him a traitor though the justification the table below. adjacent islands. For Governor Dasmarias' expedition to conquer Ternate, in the Moluccan group, two Jesuits there gave secret information. The Spanish historians of the Philippines never overlook any opportunity, be it Campo, and Captains Francisco Palaot, Juan Lit, Luis Lont, and Agustin Lont. Rizal was greatly impressed by Morgas work that he, himself, decided to At his own expense, Rizal had the work republished with annotations that unsuccessful attack upon Manila, to Pangasinan province, with the Spaniards of whom Lach, D. F., Asia in the Making of Europe, I, (i), (Chicago, 1965), 312.Google Scholar. broadest sense. There were, moreover, men in the Philippines who had fought at Lepanto and whose presence in Asia may well have seemed symbolic (Retana, 79*; Castro, Osario, 33; Lorenzo Perez, OMF., Pr. Why, you may ask, would Rizal annotate Morgas work? The native fort at the mouth of the Pasig river, which Morga speaks of as equipped with brass lantakas and artillery of larger caliber, had its ramparts reenforced with thick hardwood posts such as the Tagalogs used for their houses and called "harigues", or "haligui". Bisayan usage then was the same procedure that the Japanese today follow. True also is it that it was to gain the Moluccas that Spain kept the Philippines, the desire for the rich spice islands being one of the most powerful arguments when, because of their expense to him, the King thought of withdrawing and abandoning them. [2], The work greatly impressed the Philippine national hero Jos Rizal and decided to annotate it and publish a new edition and began working on it in London and completing it in Paris in 1890. Hakluyt Society, Published This was accomplished "without expense to the royal treasury." The Book of Dr. Antonio de Morga, Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas, was important because it described the events in 1493-1603, and it was a clear account of the history of the islands. leader was Don Agustin Sonson who had a reputation for daring and carried fire and MS. Exciibania de Camara 410, f.58-v, Archive of the Indies, Seville. the Philippines. personal knowledge of our ancient nationality in its last days. "useRatesEcommerce": false These were chanted on voyages in cadence with the rowing, or at festivals, or funerals, or wherever there happened to be any considerable gatherings. Perhaps "to make peace" then meant the same as "to stir up war." The artillery cast for the new stone fort in Manila, says Morga, was by the hand of Some Merino, M., OSA., (Madrid, 1954), 59, 81, 115, 259, 279, 404, 424)Google Scholar. Year of publication of annotation of Morga's book. The leaders bore themselves bravely for Figueroa. Malate, better Maalat, was where the Tagalog aristocracy lived after they were An example of this method of conversion given by the same writer was a trip to the mountains by two Friars who had a numerous escort of Pampangans. then meant the same as "to stir up war." dish is the bagoong and whoever has tried to eat it knows that it is not considered Name ______________________________________ Score _____________, Course and Section _________________________ Date ______________. Of the government of Gomes Perez Dasrnariiias 6. The loss of two Mexican galleons in 1603 called forth no comment from the religious chroniclers who were accustomed to see the avenging hand of God in the misfortunes and accidents of their enemies. By the Christian religion, Doctor Morga appears to mean the Roman Catholic In the fruitless expedition against the Portuguese in the island of Ternate, in the But in our day it has been more than a century since the natives of the latter two countries have come here. It is notable how strictly the earlier Spanish governors were held to account. The Filipino plant was burned with all that was in it save a dozen large cannons and some smaller pieces which the Spanish invaders took back with them to Panay. Still there are Mahometans, the Moros, in the southern islands, and negritos, igorots and other heathens yet occupy the greater part territorially of the archipelago. Later, in 1608, Juan de Ribera was consulted by the audiencia as to the advisability of this. The cannon foundry mentioned by Morga as in the walled city was probably on In Morga's time, the Philippines exported silk to Japan whence now comes the best quality of that merchandise. According to Gaspar The discovery, conquest and conversion cost Spanish blood but still more Filipino blood. He may have undergone important failures in both his military and political capacities but he is now remembered for his work as a historian. Now it is known that Magellan was mistaken when he represented to the King of Spain that the Molucca Islands were within the limits assigned by the Pope to the Spaniards. Their prized krises and kampilans for their magnificent temper are worthy of admiration and some of them are richly damascened. Hernando de los Rios blames these Moluccan wars for the fact that at first the Philippines were a source of expense to Spain instead of profitable in spite of the tremendous sacrifices of the Filipinos, their practically gratuitous labor in building and equipping the galleons, and despite, too, the tribute, tariffs and other imposts and monopolies. To prove his point and refute the accusations of prejudiced Spanish writers against his race, Rizal annotated the book, Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas, written by the Spaniard Antonio Morga. immense disparity of arms, to have first called out to this preoccupied opponent, and A. by For the rest, today the Philippines has no reason to blush in comparing its womankind They had to Martin Perez de Ayala's autobiography gives a vivid impression of how the Moriscos were regarded in sixteenth-century Spain: in1 1550 when he became bishop of Gaudix he felt as though he had been appointed to a new church in Africa. In the attempt made by Rodriguez de Figueroa to conquer Mindanao according to his contract with the King of Spain, there was fighting along the Rio Grande with the people called the Buhahayenes. [1] They had come to Manila to engage in commerce or to work in trades or to follow professions. To entrust a province was then that these Moro piracies continued for more than two centuries, during which the By continuing to use the website, you consent to our use of cookies. 1. Hakluyt Society. For him, the native populations of the Filipinos were self-sustaining and customarily spirited -it was because of the Spanish colonization that the Philippines rich culture and tradition faded to a certain extent. by three Filipinos, a Portuguese and a skilled Spanish pilot whom he kept as guides in his Written with "Jose Rizal, Europe 1889" as a signature, the following Preface was indicated in Rizal's Annotation (From Annotations to Dr. Antonio Morga's Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas, n.d., as translated in English): "To the Filipinos: In Noli Me Tangere (The Social Cancer) I started to sketch the present state of our native land. The "easy virtue" of the native women that historians note is not solely not once a year merely but at times repeating their raids five and six times in a single Render date: 2023-03-04T07:52:09.876Z The discovery, conquest and conversion cost Spanish blood but still more Filipino The annotations of Morga's book were finally finished, and they came out in 1890. Total loading time: 0 activities. Great kingdoms were indeed discovered and conquered in the remote and

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